De gevolgen van een magnesium deficiëntie

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De gevolgen van een magnesium deficiëntie

Diabetes

  1. Magnesium and diabetes mellitus: their relation
    The magnesium deficiency has been associated with chronic diseases, amongst them, diabetes mellitus. Epidemiological studies had shown low levels of magnesium ingestion in the general population, as well as a relation between the ingestion of food rich in magnesium and the reduction of diabetes installation and its complications. Based on this, the supplementation with magnesium has been suggested in patients with diabetes mellitus who have proven hypomagnesemia and the presence of its complications.
  2. Magnesium and diabetes: a review
    Studies have suggested a link between hypomagnesemia and hyperglycemia, as well as an association between hypomagnesemia and the complications of DM. The American Diabetes Association has published a consensus statement suggesting that patients who have documented hypomagnesemia and DM receive magnesium supplementation.
  3. Magnesium and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    There is accumulating evidence that the changes which occur in the metabolism of some micronutrients in diabetes mellitus might have a specific role in the pathogenesis and complications of this disease. Magnesium deficiency is the most evident disturbance of metal metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hypomagnesemia has been linked both to the acute metabolic and late chronic complication of diabetes.
  4. Magnesium and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    There is accumulating evidence that the changes which occur in the metabolism of some micronutrients in diabetes mellitus might have a specific role in the pathogenesis and complications of this disease. Magnesium deficiency is the most evident disturbance of metal metabolism in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Hypomagnesemia has been linked both to the acute metabolic and late chronic complication of diabetes.
  5. Magnesium deficiency and development of late diabetic complications
    Up to 30% of all diabetics suffer from magnesiumdepletion, which in other disease entities has been related to angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, and changes in blood lipids. Furthermore, magnesium-deficiency might be related to the development of hypertension. In diabetes, magnesium-depletion has been linked with the development of retinopathy, and an increase in abortions and malformations in diabetic pregnancies.

Hart en vaatziekten

  1. Magnesium and ischemic heart disease: a review of epidemiological, experimental, and clinical evidences
    Magnesium (Mg) plays an essential role in a wide range of fundamental cellular reactions in patients with ischemic heart disease. It has been well known that Mg plays a pivotal role in control of cardiac excitability, neuromuscular transmission, vasomotor tone, and blood pressure, among other functions. Especially, many epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies support a pathological role for Mg in the etiology and development of major coronary risk factors as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia as well as ischemic heart disease. Furthermore, the therapeutic value of Mg in the management of coronary risk factors and ischemic heart disease has been clarified. Dietary Mg supplementation should be considered as a preventive element in atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.
  2. Cardiovascular risk factors and magnesium: relationships to atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease and hypertension
    It is now becoming clear that a lower than normal dietary intake of Mg can be a strong risk factor for hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, atherogenesis and sudden cardiac death. Deficits in serum Mg appear often to be associated with arrhythmias, coronary vasospasm and high blood pressure.
  3. Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: a review
    In human subjects, hypomagnesemia is often associated with an imbalance of electrolytes such as Na+, K+ and Ca2+. Abnormal dietary deficiency of Mg2+ as well as abnormalities in Mg2+ metabolism play important roles in different types of heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, atheroscelerosis, a number of cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular complications in diabetes mellitus.
  4. Magnesium and ischemic heart disease
    From the epidemiological view point, chronic Mg intake deficiency could play a role of the onset of ischemic heart disease. Mg intake deficiency increases not only vaso-spasmobility of coronary artery, but also exacerbates several coronary risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and mental stress. We have previously reported that blood concentrations of Mg(2+) in patients with ischemic heart disease, especially acute coronary syndrome, was lower than that of healthy subjects. The lower blood concentrations of Mg(2+) may be a result of serious cardiac ischemia. According to the large-scale clinical trials, the efficacy of Mg administration to the patients with acute myocardial infarction has not been established, however, supplementary Mg may keep blood Mg(2+) level adequately and protect cardiac injury from cardiac ischemia.
  5. Magnesium intake and cardiovascular disease
    This article includes historical sketch of magnesium research, basic researches on effect of magnesium on cardiovascular disease, practical researches (including clinical studies) on relationship between magnesium intake and cardiovascular disease and current status of intake amount of magnesium in Japanese estimated by the national nutrition survey in Japan, 2002. Basic studies revealed the mechanism that magnesium deficiency may decrease ATPase, leading to increase in intracellular calcium of blood vessels, and then the vasoconstriction occurs in cardiovascular system. Clinical studies clarified that magnesium levels in serum decreased significantly in patients with ischemic heart disease. The National Nutrition Survey in Japan revealed that intake amount of magnesium of people for 15 - 49 year male and female were below the recommended dietary allowance of magnesium in Japan.

Alzheimer's

  1. Magnesium depletion and pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    Mg depletion, particularly in the hippocampus, appears to represent an important pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease. It is associated with high aluminium incorporation into brain neurones. This type of Mg deficit cannot respond to mere Mg supplementation, but requires correction of the dysregulation inducing this Mg depletion. Further research should seek to control the alterations of albumin, which may induce this brain Mg depletion.
  2. Dementias: the role of magnesium deficiency and an hypothesis concerning the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease
    Evidence is presented indicating that dementias are associated with a relative insufficiency of Magnesium (Mg) in the brain. Such insufficiency may be attributable to low intake or retention of Mg; high intake of a neurotoxic metal, such as aluminum (Al), which inhibits activity of Mg-requiring enzymes; or impaired transport of Mg and/or enhanced transport of the neurotoxic metal into brain tissue.

Hoge bloeddruk

  1. Effects of magnesium on blood pressure and intracellular ion levels of Brazilian hypertensive patients
    These data showed that oral magnesium supplementation may reduce the blood pressure, which can be partially explained by the decrease in intracellular sodium and augment in intracellular magnesium.
  2. Reduction in blood pressure with a low sodium, high potassium, high magnesium salt in older subjects with mild to moderate hypert
    Replacing common sodium salt by a low sodium, high potassium, high magnesium mineral salt could offer a valuable non-pharmacological approach to lowering blood pressure in older people with mild to moderate hypertension
  3. Nutritional dose of magnesium in hypertensive patients on beta blockers lowers systolic blood pressure: a double-blind, cross-over study
    This study showed that 15 mmol magnesium day-1 given to mild to moderate hypertensive patients treated with beta blockers could be the cause of a significant decrease in supine and standing systolic blood pressure
  4. Reduction of blood pressure with oral magnesium supplementation in women with mild to moderate hypertension
    The findings suggest that oral supplementation with magnesium aspartate-HCl may lower blood pressure in subjects with mild to moderate hypertension
  5. The dose-dependent reduction in blood pressure through administration of magnesium. A double blind placebo controlled cross-over study
    Seventeen patients with a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mm Hg were recruited from a running health screening program to participate in a double blind cross-over study of magnesium supplementation (15 mmol Mg2+/day (Emgesan, Kabi Pharmacia) for 3 weeks, followed by 30 mmol Mg2+/day for another 3 weeks, finishing with 40 mmol Mg2+/day for a final 3 weeks). A significant decrease in the mean systolic blood pressure was recorded from 154.0 +/- 10.7 mm Hg to 146.1 +/- 16.9 mm Hg (P = .031) while the mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 100.2 +/- 4.2 mm Hg to 92.0 +/- 6.6 mm Hg (P = .0001).
  6. Magnesium and hypertension
    Magnesium status has a direct effect upon the relaxation capability of vascular smooth muscle cells and the regulation of the cellular placement of other cations important to blood pressure - cellular sodium:potassium (Na:K) ratio and intracellular calcium (iCa(2+)). As a result, nutritional magnesium has both direct and indirect impacts on the regulation of blood pressure and therefore on the occurrence of hypertension.
  7. Dietary calcium, potassium, magnesium and blood pressure in the Netherlands
    These results suggest that diets rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium are associated with lower blood pressure.
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