Melk is slecht voor elk!

Alle beweringen in dit artikel worden met wetenschappelijk onderzoek onderbouwd. U kunt dit onderzoek online nalezen in dit "referentie" hoofdstuk.

Alle artikelen en behandelingsprotocollen zijn volgens het zelfzorg principe geschreven. Bij zelfzorg is niet de arts of specialist maar de patiënt verantwoordelijk voor het correct uitvoeren van de behandeling. Toch adviseer ik patiënten om bij gezondheidsklachten eerst een arts te raadplegen. Een juiste diagnose is ook bij een zelfzorgtraject van onschatbare waarde. Als u reeds onder behandeling bent van een arts overleg dan met uw arts voordat u voedingssupplementen gaat gebruiken.

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Referenties

1. Wikipia Nederlandse Zuivel Organisatie
   Het is een vereniging waarvan 13 zuivelondernemingen lid zijn, inclusief de twee grote zuivelcoöperaties: Campina en Friesland Foods. Deze leden verwerken samen ongeveer 98% van de Nederlandse boerderijmelk. In 2003 is het Nederlands Zuivelbureau opgegaan in de NZO. De NZO behartigt de belangen van de Nederlandse zuivelondernemingen. Dit betreft onder meer de consumentenvoorlichting (voorheen de taak van het Zuivelbureau).[Article]

Een revolutionaire nieuwe methode
2. Nederlandse Zuivel Organisatie
   Joris Drie Pinter.[Article]
3. RTL4 MELKPROMO JORIS DRIEPINTER IS TERUG
   De Nederlandse Zuivelorganisatie haalt hem nu opnieuw van stal om het gezonde karakter van melk en zuivel te promoten. Zijn tekst wordt opgepimpt tot 'drie goede redenen om elke dag zuivel te eten of te drinken'.[Article]
4. Lomer MC, Parkes GC, Sanderson JD. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 15;27(2):93-103. Epub 2007 Oct 23. Review article: lactose-intolerance in clinical practice--myths and realities
   pproximately 70% of the world population has hypolactasia, which often remains undiagnosed and has the potential to cause some morbidity. .[Article]
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   The symptoms of lactose intolerance are caused by gases and toxins produced by anaerobic bacteria in the large intestine. Bacterial toxins may play a key role in several other diseases, such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and some cancers. .[Abstract]
6. Russell Ross, Ph.D. NJEM january 14, 1999 Atherosclerosis — An Inflammatory Disease
   Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease.[Article]
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   Inflammation drives the formation, progression, and rupture of atherosclerotic plaques. [Article]
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    The presence and extent of CAC correlates with the overall magnitude of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and with the development of subsequent coronary events. [Article]
9. Hopkins PN, Ellison RC, Province MA, Pankow JS, Carr JJ, Arnett DK, Lewis CE, Heiss G, Hunt SC Am J Cardiol. 2006 Jun 1;97(11):1564-9. Epub 2006 Apr 17. Association of coronary artery calcified plaque with clinical coronary heart disease in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Family Heart Study
    In conclusion, CAC was strongly associated with CHD even after adjustment for standard risk factors and family history contributed independently to CHD risk. [Abstract]
10. Stary HC. Arteriosclerosis. 1989 Jan-Feb;9(1 Suppl):I19-32 Evolution and progression of atherosclerotic lesions in coronary arteries of children and young adults
    In an autopsy study of the evolution of atherosclerotic lesions in young people, we obtained the coronary arteries and aortas of 1160 male and female subjects who died between full-term birth and age 29 years.[Abstract]
11. Owusu W, Willett WC, Feskanich D, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Colditz GA. J Nutr. 1997 Sep;127(9):1782-7. Calcium intake and the incidence of forearm and hip fractures among men
    Relative risks for consuming >2.5 glasses (600 mL) of milk per day compared with one (240 mL) or fewer per week were 1.06 (95% CI = 0.69-1.62; P for trend = 0.82) for forearm fractures and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.39-2.42; P for trend = 0.56) for hip fractures. In conclusion, these results do not support a relation between calcium intake and the incidence of forearm or hip fractures in men.[Article]
12. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Colditz GA. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Feb;77(2):504-11. Calcium, vitamin D, milk consumption, and hip fractures: a prospective study among postmenopausal women
    An adequate vitamin D intake is associated with a lower risk of osteoporotic hip fractures in postmenopausal women. Neither milk nor a high-calcium diet appears to reduce risk. Because women commonly consume less than the recommended intake of vitamin D, supplement use or dark fish consumption may be prudent.[Article]
13. Feskanich D, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Colditz GA. Am J Public Health. 1997 Jun;87(6):992-7. Milk, dietary calcium, and bone fractures in women: a 12-year prospective study
    Women who drank two or more glasses of milk per day had relative risks of 1.45 for hip fracture (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87, 2.43) and 1.05 for forearm fracture (95% CI = 0.88, 1.25) when compared with women consuming one glass or less per week. Likewise, higher intakes of total dietary calcium or calcium from dairy foods were not associated with decreased risk of hip or forearm fracture.These data do not support the hypothesis that higher consumption of milk or other food sources of calcium by adult women protects against hip or forearm fractures.[Article]
14. Voedingscentrum Is melk wel gezond?
    Regelmatig verschijnen in kranten, op TV en op internet berichten over melk. Er worden dan vraagtekens geplaatst bij het aloude advies ‘melk is goed voor elk’. In de negatieve berichtgeving wordt de indruk gewekt dat melk ongezond is en van nature alleen bedoeld voor baby’s. Gebruik van melk zou de kans op botontkalking (osteoporose) vergroten en zorgen voor een groter risico op chronische ziekten zoals kanker. Deze stellingen zijn gebaseerd op beperkt en deels gedateerd wetenschappelijk onderzoek. Ook worden ze niet ondersteund door onafhankelijke (inter)nationale voedingsinstanties.[Article]
15. Dobersen MJ, Chase HP.Pediatrician. 1983-1985;12(4):173-8. Immunologic aspects of type I diabetes
    Accumulating evidence supports the theory of an immunologic component in type I diabetes. The serum islet cell antibodies, the increased number of Ia-positive T cells in the peripheral blood of some new-onset patients, the presence of inflammatory cells in the islets and the apparent response of patients with new-onset diabetes to immunosuppressant medications all lead to this conclusion. [Abstract]
16. Faustman DL, Davis M. J Mol Med. 2009 Dec;87(12):1173-8. Epub 2009 Aug 21. The primacy of CD8 T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes and implications for therapies
    Type I diabetes (TID) is an autoimmune disease in which insulin-secreting beta cells of the pancreatic islets are destroyed by T lymphocytes. [Abstract]
17. Wikipedia Immunoglobuline
    Immunoglobulines (afgekort Ig), ook antistoffen of antilichamen genoemd, zijn eiwitten die door de mens en andere gewervelde dieren worden geproduceerd als antwoord op het binnendringen in het lichaam van een lichaamsvreemde stof of lichaamsvreemde cellen. De binnendringende deeltjes, die door het lichaam als gevaarlijk worden beschouwd, heten antigenen.[Article]
18. Kohno T, Kobashiri Y, Sugie Y, Takai S, Watabe K, Kaino Y, Kida K. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2002 Jan;55(1):1-9. Antibodies to food antigens in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus
    Thus, we demonstrated that both IgA and IgG antibodies to several food antigens are elevated in patients. We suggest that impairment of oral tolerance might be related to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus.[Abstract]
19. Saukkonen T, Virtanen SM, Karppinen M, Reijonen H, Ilonen J, Räsänen L, Akerblom HK, Savilahti E. Diabetologia. 1998 Jan;41(1):72-8. Significance of cow's milk protein antibodies as risk factor for childhood IDDM: interactions with dietary cow's milk intake and HLA-DQB1 genotype. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group
    In conclusion, children with IDDM have higher levels of cow's milk protein antibodies than their HLA-DQB1-matched sibling controls, and these high levels of antibodies are independent risk markers for IDDM.[Abstract]
20. Dahl-Jørgensen K, Joner G, Hanssen KF Diabetes Care. 1991 Nov;14(11):1081-3. Relationship between cows' milk consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood
    The results support the hypothesis that cows' milk may contain a triggering factor for the development of IDDM..[Abstract]
21. Birgisdottir BE, Hill JP, Thorsson AV, Thorsdottir I. Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(3):177-83. Epub 2006 Jan 10. Lower consumption of cow milk protein A1 beta-casein at 2 years of age, rather than consumption among 11- to 14-year-old adolescents, may explain the lower incidence of type 1 diabetes in Iceland than in Scandinavia
    This study supports that lower consumption of A1 beta-casein might be related to the lower incidence of type 1 diabetes in Iceland than in Scandinavia. Additionally it indicates that consumption in young childhood might be of more importance for the development of the disease incidence than consumption in adolescence.[Abstract]
22. Knip M. Nord Med. 1992;107(8-9):207-10. Can type-1 diabetes in children be prevented?
    Both experimental and epidemiologic data indicate that nutritional cow milk exposure early in life may play a critical role in the initiation of beta-cell destruction. Accordingly a primary prevention study has been planned to test the hypothesis that dietary elimination of cow milk proteins over the first 9 months of life will decrease the subsequent risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in high risk infants. .[Abstract]
23. Wasmuth HE, Kolb H. Proc Nutr Soc. 2000 Nov;59(4):573-9. Cow's milk and immune-mediated diabetes
    Cow's milk-based infant formulas and cow's milk consumption in childhood have been suggested to promote the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus and other immune-mediated or neurological diseases. Epidemiological studies in man have led to the hypothesis that introduction of cow's milk-based infant formula within the first 3 months of life is associated with increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus. [Article]
24. Luopajärvi K, Savilahti E, Virtanen SM, Ilonen J, Knip M, Akerblom HK, Vaarala O. Pediatr Diabetes. 2008 Oct;9(5):434-41. Epub 2008 May 21. Enhanced levels of cow's milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood
    Early exposure to cow's milk (CM) proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes : We studied a subgroup of 94 children randomized to be weaned to a CM-based infant formula in the trial to reduce insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in the genetically at risk (TRIGR) pilot study. : An enhanced humoral immune response to various CM proteins in infancy is seen in a subgroup of those children who later progress to T1D. Accordingly, a dysregulated immune response to oral antigens is an early event in the pathogenesis of T1D.[Abstract]
25. Turck D. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2007;60:31-9; discussion 39-42. Later effects of breastfeeding practice: the evidence
    The protective role of breastfeeding against type 1 diabetes seems likely, but the mechanisms involved are still under discussion.[Abstract]
26. Sadauskaite-Kuehne V, Ludvigsson J, Padaiga Z, Jasinskiene E, Samuelsson U. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004 Mar-Apr;20(2):150-7. Longer breastfeeding is an independent protective factor against development of type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood
    Longer exclusive and total breastfeeding appears as an independent protective factor against type 1 diabetes. [Abstract]
27. Virtanen SM, Knip M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Dec;78(6):1053-67. Nutritional risk predictors of beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes at a young age
    Breastfeeding, nicotinamide, zinc, and vitamins C, D, and E have been reported as possibly protecting against type 1 diabetes, whereas N-nitroso compounds, cow milk, increased linear growth, and obesity may increase the risk.[Article]
28. Fava D, Leslie RD, Pozzilli P. Diabetes Care. 1994 Dec;17(12):1488-90. Relationship between dairy product consumption and incidence of IDDM in childhood in Italy
    The results indicate that there is a relationship, even in a single country, between dairy product consumption and the incidence of IDDM that is confined to fluid milk consumption. Cows' milk may contain a triggering factor for the development of diabetes, but the high incidence of IDDM in Sardinia and in other countries worldwide cannot be explained simply by the quantity of fluid cows' milk consumed.[Abstract]
29. Gerstein HC. Diabetes Care. 1994 Jan;17(1):13-9. Cow's milk exposure and type I diabetes mellitus. A critical overview of the clinical literature
    Early cow's milk exposure may be an important determinant of subsequent type I diabetes and may increase the risk approximately 1.5 times.[Abstract]
30. Wikipedia Lymfocyt
    De meeste grote lymfocyten (niet alle) staan bekend als de Natural killer cellen. De kleine lymfocyten zijn de T-lymfocyten en de B-lymfocyten. Lymfocyten spelen een belangrijke rol in het verworven immuunsysteem, en het falen van dit systeem kan ernstige consequenties tot gevolg hebben.[Article]
31. Dündaröz R, Ulucan H, Aydin HI, Güngör T, Baltaci V, Denli M, Saniso?lu Y. Biol Neonate. 2003;84(2):135-41. Analysis of DNA damage using the comet assay in infants fed cow's milk
    To our knowledge, this is the first study using the comet assay on infants not breast-fed. Supporting our previous SCE study, these results suggest that there is some level of DNA damage in the lymphocytes of infants not breast-fed and this may lead to malignancy in childhood or later in life. [Abstract]
32. Fairfield KM, Hunter DJ, Colditz GA, Fuchs CS, Cramer DW, Speizer FE, Willett WC, Hankinson SE Int J Cancer. 2004 Jun 10;110(2):271-7. A prospective study of dietary lactose and ovarian cancer
    Our findings provide some support for the hypothesis that lactose intake increases risk of epithelial ovarian cancer. However, the observed excess risk appeared limited to the serous subtype of ovarian cancer in our study.[Article]
33. Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Int J Cancer. 2006 Jan 15;118(2):431-41.Milk, milk products and lactose intake and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies
    . In conclusion, prospective cohort studies, but not case-control studies, support the hypothesis that high intakes of dairy foods and lactose may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.[Article]

De mythes rond melk


Programma van TROS RADAR: Melk is goed voor elk, we zijn er allemaal mee grootgebracht en drinken dan ook gemiddeld twee glazen melk per dag. Hiermee behoren we tot een van de grootste zuivelconsumenten van de wereld. In Nederland krijgen we bijna nooit iets te horen over de kanttekeningen die geplaatst worden bij het drinken van melk.
Prof. Walter Willett, voedselwetenschapper aan de Harvard University, onderzoekt al sinds1976 de relatie tussen zuivel en osteoporose. Hij zegt dat uit onderzoek blijkt dat er helemaal geen verband is tussen het drinken van veel melk en het voorkomen van botbreuken. Dat druist toch in tegen alles wat wij altijd gehoord hebben. En Willett staat hier niet alleen in. Prof. Colin Campbell, biochemicus Cornell University, deelt deze mening. Hij is zelfs van mening dat door de eiwitten in de melk, een zuur wordt aan gemaakt die juist voor een afbraak van het bot zorgt. Heb je het programma gemist kijk dan via internet.

 

34. Larsson SC, Bergkvist L, Wolk A. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Nov;80(5):1353-7. Milk and lactose intakes and ovarian cancer risk in the Swedish Mammography Cohort
    Our data indicate that high intakes of lactose and dairy products, particularly milk, are associated with an increased risk of serous ovarian cancer but not of other subtypes of ovarian cancer. Future studies should consider ovarian cancer subtypes separately.[Article]
35. Cramer DW, Harlow BL, Willett WC, Welch WR, Bell DA, Scully RE, Ng WG, Knapp RC. Lancet. 1989 Jul 8;2(8654):66-71. Galactose consumption and metabolism in relation to the risk of ovarian cancer
    Lactose consumption may be a dietary risk factor and transferase a genetic risk factor for ovarian cancer.[Abstract]
36. Høst A. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002 Dec;89(6 Suppl 1):33-7. Frequency of cow's milk allergy in childhood
    The overall prognosis of CMPA in infancy is good with a remission rate of approximately 85 to 90%. In particular, gastrointestinal symptoms show a good prognosis. An early increased immunoglobulin E-response to CMP is associated with an increased risk of persistent allergy to CMP, development of adverse reactions to other foods, and development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis later in childhood.[Abstract]
37. Høst A. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1994;5(5 Suppl):1-36.Cow's milk protein allergy and intolerance in infancy. Some clinical, epidemiological and immunological aspects
    The prognosis of CMPA/CMPI is good with a remission rate about 45-50% at one year, 60-75% at two years, and 85-90% at three years. Associated adverse reactions to other foods develop in about 50%, and allergy against inhalants in 50-80% before puberty.[Abstract]
38. Hill DJ, Hosking CS. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Sep;49 Suppl 1:S1-12. The cow milk allergy complex: overlapping disease profiles in infancy
    Children with persistent CMA frequently develop eczema, asthma and rhinitis. [Abstract]
39. Dias A, Santos A, Pinheiro JA. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2010 Jan-Feb;38(1):8-12. Epub 2009 Oct 22. Persistence of cow's milk allergy beyond two years of age
    Seventy-nine children were included, with mean age at first symptoms of 3 months. The symptoms were immediate in 93%, with cutaneous (87.3%), gastrointestinal (55.7%) and respiratory (25.3%) manifestations. During the follow-up period, 30% developed atopic eczema, 52% asthma and 35% rhinoconjunctivitis.[Article]
40. Oranje AP, Wolkerstorfer A, de Waard-van der Spek FB. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2002 Dec;89(6 Suppl 1):52-5. Natural course of cow's milk allergy in childhood atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome
    Adverse reactions to bovine proteins have an important role in AEDS.[Abstract]
41. Yimyaem P, Chongsrisawat V, Vivatvakin B, Wisedopas N. J Med Assoc Thai. 2003 Feb;86(2):116-23. Gastrointestinal manifestations of cow's milk protein allergy during the first year of life
    In 2-year follow-up, three of ten patients who had high serum IgE level developed allergic rhinitis and eczema. [Abstract]
42. Hill DJ, Bannister DG, Hosking CS, Kemp AS. Clin Exp Allergy. 1994 Dec;24(12):1137-43 Cow milk allergy within the spectrum of atopic disorders
    Thus, children with IgE mediated CMA frequently generate IgE responses to multiple dietary and inhalant allergens in infancy and early childhood and develop immediate hypersensitivity to other foods as well as clinical eczema, and asthma.[Abstract]
43. Husby S, Høst A, Teisner B, Svehag SE. Allergy. 1990 Oct;45(7):547-51. Infants and children with cow milk allergy/intolerance. Investigation of the uptake of cow milk protein and activation of the complement system
    Seventeen children with challenge-verified cow milk allergy/intolerance (CMAI), age 3-78 months, median 12 months, were re-challenged with cow milk in increasing doses. All subjects developed symptoms, such as bronchospasm, rhinitis, diarrhoea, erythema or eczema.[Abstract]
44. Bishop JM, Hill DJ, Hosking CS.J Pediatr. 1990 Jun;116(6):862-7. Natural history of cow milk allergy: clinical outcom
    Of an initial cohort of 100 children with challenge-proven cow milk allergy, At final follow-up, 40% of patients reportedly had asthma, 21% atopic eczema, and 43% allergic rhinitis. [Abstract]
45. Gezondheidsraad Voedingsnormen calcium, vitamine D, thiamine, riboflavine, niacine, pantotheenzuur en biotine
    Omdat een overmatige calciuminneming de snelheid van botopbouw verlaagt, acht de commissie het bovendien niet uitgesloten dat dit tot een minder sterke botstructuur leidt.[Article]
46. Hegsted DM. J Nutr. 1986 Nov;116(11):2316-9. Calcium and osteoporosis
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47. Wikipedia Ziekte van Crohn
    De ziekte van Crohn, genoemd naar de Amerikaanse arts Burrill Crohn (1884 - 1983), is een ontstekingsziekte van het darmkanaal, vaak vooral van de overgang van de dunne naar de dikke darm, maar hij kan op iedere plaats van het darmkanaal voorkomen. Samen met colitis ulcerosa is het de belangrijkste chronische ontstekingsziekte van de darm.[Article]
48. Ik Kies Bewust
    Campina Halfvolle melk Calcium plus.[Article]
49. Seelig MS. Magnes Res. 1990 Sep;3(3):197-215. Increased need for magnesium with the use of combined oestrogen and calcium for osteoporosis treatment
    If the commonly recommended dietary Ca/Mg ratio of 2/1 is exceeded (and it can reach as much as 4/1 in countries with low to marginal Mg intakes), relative or absolute Mg deficiency may result, and this may increase the risk of intravascular coagulation, since blood clotting is enhanced by high Ca/Mg ratios. [Abstract]
50. EHealth MD What Is Crohn's Disease (CD)?
    Crohn's disease is an inflammatory condition that affects the digestive tract - including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, and anus. It can affect any portion of the digestive tract, but is most common in the ileum - the lowest portion of the small intestine, where it connects with the large intestine.[Article]
51. Chamberlin W, Graham DY, Hulten K, El-Zimaity HM, Schwartz MR, Naser S, Shafran I, El-Zaatari FA. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Mar;15(3):337-46. Review article: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis as one cause of Crohn's disease
    A number of theories regarding the aetiology of Crohn's disease have been proposed. Diet, infections, other unidentified environmental factors and immune disregulation, all working under the influence of a genetic predisposition, have been viewed with suspicion. Many now believe that Crohn's disease is a syndrome caused by several aetiologies. The two leading theories are the infectious and autoimmune theories. The leading infectious candidate is Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Mycobacterium paratuberculosis), the causative agent of Johne's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease in a variety of mammals including cattle, sheep, deer, bison, monkeys and chimpanzees. The evidence to support M. paratuberculosis infection as a cause of Crohn's disease is mounting rapidly. [Article]
52. El-Zaatari FA, Osato MS, Graham DY. Trends Mol Med. 2001 Jun;7(6):247-52 Etiology of Crohn's disease: the role of Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
    Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by transmural inflammation and granuloma formation. Several theories regarding the etiology of Crohn's disease have been proposed, one of which is infection with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis), which causes a similar disease in animals, and is present in the human food chain. Considerable evidence supports the presence of M. paratuberculosis in the intestinal tissues of many patients with Crohn's disease including culture, detection of homologous mycobacterial DNA, detection of the mycobacterial insertion sequence IS900 by both PCR and in situ hybridization in tissues, and a serologic immune response to recombinant M. paratuberculosis antigens. [Abstract]
53. Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine K, Skull A, Durkin D, Neild P, Rhodes G, Pickup R, Hermon-Taylor J. J Clin Microbiol. 2003 Jul;41(7):2915-23. Detection and verification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fresh ileocolonic mucosal biopsy specimens from individuals with and without Crohn's disease
    Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis is a robust and phenotypically versatile pathogen which causes chronic inflammation of the intestine in many species, including primates. M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection is widespread in domestic livestock and is present in retail pasteurized cows' milk in the United Kingdom and, potentially, elsewhere. The rate of detection of M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in individuals with CD is highly significant and implicates this chronic enteric pathogen in disease causation.[Article]
54. Eltholth MM, Marsh VR, Van Winden S, Guitian FJ. J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Oct;107(4):1061-71. Epub 2009 Mar 30. Contamination of food products with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: a systematic review
    Currently available data suggests that the likelihood of dairy and meat products being contaminated with MAP on retail sale should not be ignored.[Article]
55. Waddell LA, Raji? A, Sargeant J, Harris J, Amezcua R, Downey L, Read S, McEwen SA. Can J Public Health. 2008 Mar-Apr;99(2):145-55. The zoonotic potential of Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis: a systematic review
    MAP detection in raw and pasteurized milk was reported in several studies..[Abstract]
56. Ellingson JL, Anderson JL, Koziczkowski JJ, Radcliff RP, Sloan SJ, Allen SE, Sullivan NM. J Food Prot. 2005 May;68(5):966-72. Detection of viable Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in retail pasteurized whole milk by two culture methods and PCR
    In several studies conducted in the United Kingdom and Canada, MAP DNA has been detected in retail pasteurized milk samples; however, in one study in the United Kingdom viable MAP was identified in commercially pasteurized milk. The combined data from the two laboratories revealed the presence of viable MAP in 2.8% of the retail whole milk pints tested. Although the number of samples containing viable MAP was similar among states (P > 0.05), there was a seasonal effect on the presence of viable MAP in retail milk (P = 0.05). More MAP-positive samples were identified during the third quarter of the year (July through September). Of the 22 brands of retail milk tested, 12 (55%) yielded at least one sample positive for viable MAP.[Abstract]
57. Gao A, Mutharia L, Chen S, Rahn K, Odumeru J. J Dairy Sci. 2002 Dec;85(12):3198-205Effect of pasteurization on survival of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in milk
    These results indicate that Mptb may survive HTST pasteurization when present at > or = 10(5) cfu/ml in milk.[Article]
58. Grant IR, Ball HJ, Rowe MT. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 May;68(5):2428-35. Incidence of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in bulk raw and commercially pasteurized cows' milk from approved dairy processing establishments in the United Kingdom
    It was concluded that viable M. paratuberculosis is occasionally present at low levels in commercially pasteurized cows' milk in the United Kingdom.[Article]
59. Grant IR, Hitchings EI, McCartney A, Ferguson F, Rowe MT. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2002 Feb;68(2):602-7. Effect of commercial-scale high-temperature, short-time pasteurization on the viability of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in naturally infected cows' milk
    This study provides clear evidence that M. paratuberculosis bacteria in naturally infected milk are capable of surviving commercial high-temperature, short-time pasteurization if they are present in raw milk in sufficient numbers.[Article]
60. Christensen JC. Acta Neurol Latinoam. 1975;21(1-4):66-85. Multiple sclerosis: some epidemiological clues to etiology
    Lack of breastfeeding and excessive consumption of cow's milk during infancy is postulated as an important factor in the appearance of multiple sclerosis later in life.[Abstract]
61. Malosse D, Perron H, Sasco A, Seigneurin JM. Neuroepidemiology. 1992;11(4-6):304-12. Correlation between milk and dairy product consumption and multiple sclerosis prevalence: a worldwide study
    A good correlation between liquid cow milk and MS prevalence (rho = 0.836) was found; this correlation was highly significant (p < 0.001). .[Abstract]
62. Butcher J. N Z Med J. 1976 Jun 23;83(566):427-30 The distribution of multiple sclerosis in relation to the dairy industry and milk consumption
    This report emphasises the striking correlation between the world distribution of dairy production and consumption and the incidence of multiple sclerosis. This report suggests that milk consumption may be a common aetiological factor.[Abstract]
63. von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E, Barnert D, Grunert V, von Voss H. BMJ. 1999 Jul 17;319(7203):147-50 Breast feeding and obesity: cross sectional study
    In industrialised countries promoting prolonged breast feeding may help decrease the prevalence of obesity in childhood. Since obese children have a high risk of becoming obese adults, such preventive measures may eventually result in a reduction in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and other diseases related to obesity.[Article]
64. Arenz S, Rückerl R, Koletzko B, von Kries R. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004 Oct;28(10):1247-56 Breast-feeding and childhood obesity--a systematic review
    Breast-feeding seems to have a small but consistent protective effect against obesity in children.[Abstract]
65. de Armas MG, Megías SM, Modino SC, Bolaños PI, Guardiola PD, Alvarez TM. Importance of breastfeeding in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and degree of childhood obesity
    Breast feeding for at least 3 months was associated with lower levels of obesity, smaller waist circumference and fewer complications related to metabolic syndrome in childhood and adolescence. Sixty-four percent of children with complete metabolic syndrome had received artificial feeding. Further studies are needed to ascertain the impact of breastfeeding on the development of obesity and cardiometabolic risk.[Abstract]
66. Simon VG, Souza JM, Souza SB. Rev Saude Publica. 2009 Feb;43(1):60-9. Breastfeeding, complementary feeding, overweight and obesity in pre-school children
    Results suggest that breastfeeding can protect children against overweight and obesity, thus representing yet another advantage of maternal milk.[Abstract]
67. von Kries R, Koletzko B, Sauerwald T, von Mutius E. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2000;478:29-39 Does breast-feeding protect against childhood obesity?
    The potential relevance of different components of human milk for the observed reduction in the risk for overweight and obesity is discussed. The preventive effect of breast-feeding on overweight and obesity is an important additional argument for the promotion of breast-feeding in industrialised countries.[Abstract]
68. Singhal A. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2007;60:15-25Does breastfeeding protect from growth acceleration and later obesity?
    Nutrition in infancy has been suggested to have a major influence or program the long-term tendency to obesity. Breastfeeding, in particular, appears to protect against the development of later obesity, a conclusion supported by data from four systematic reviews and evidence that a longer duration of breastfeeding has greater protective effects. The size of the effect (up to a 20% reduction in obesity risk) although modest has important implications for public health.[Abstract]
69. Koubaa AA, Abed NB, Cheikhrouhou H, Dahmen H, Askri M, Ouerfelli N, Hasni K. Tunis Med. 2008 Jan;86(1):38-42. Protective effect of breast feeding in childhood obesity
    Promotion of the breast-feeding and information on its methods and its control are a public health priority, it protects the child and his mother from certain diseases and prevents from childhood obesity. OMS recommends an exclusive breast feeding until the 6 months age, and to continue if possible until the 2 years.[Abstract]
70. Binns C, Lee MK, Oddy W. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2003;15 Suppl:S22-6 Breastfeeding and the prevention of obesity
    Obesity will be the greatest challenge for nutrition and is probably the greatest overall challenge to public health facing us in the next few decades. Being overweight or obese is a risk factor for many chronic diseases and the impact on wellbeing and mortality is well documented. Breastfeeding exclusively to six months of age is the most appropriate way to feed infants. A review of the international literature and an analysis of Australian data support the hypothesis that breastfeeding reduces the prevalence of obesity. Breastfeeding promotion should become a part of public health programmes for the prevention of obesity.[Abstract]
71. RIVM Wat zijn de mogelijke gezondheidsgevolgen van borstvoeding?
    Borstvoeding is de beste voeding als het gaat om de gezondheid van de baby. Ook voor de moeder zijn er positieve gezondheidseffecten als zij borstvoeding geeft. Bij kinderen die zes maanden uitsluitend borstvoeding kregen, komt overgewicht (tussen 3 en 10 jaar) en hoge bloeddruk minder vaak voor.[Article]
72. RIVM Voeding van zuigelingen en peuters
    In april 2006 heeft de WHO nieuwe internationaal toepasbare groeistandaarden voor zuigelingen en jonge kinderen gepubliceerd. Voor het vaststellen van deze groeistandaarden is het uitgangspunt dat borstvoeding de norm is en dat het kind dat borstvoeding krijgt de standaard is voor het meten van een gezonde groei. Bij de invoering van het elektronisch kinddossier JGZ worden deze standaarden zo snel mogelijk voor de Nederlandse situatie geïmplementeerd. Een afvlakking van de curve van een borstgevoed kind rond de leeftijd van drie à vier maanden hoeft dus op zich geen aanleiding te vormen voor specifieke maatregelen, zoals vroeger starten met vaste voeding of aanvulling met kunstvoeding.[Article]
73. The WHO Child Growth Standards
    The following documents describe the sample and methods used to construct the standards and present the final charts.[Article]
74. RIVM Ruim 80% begint met borstvoeden maar groot deel stopt ook weer snel
    Ruim 80% van de moeders begint direct na de geboorte met het geven van borstvoeding. De kans dat een hoogopgeleide vrouw start met het geven van borstvoeding is groter dan die van een laagopgeleide vrouw. Het percentage zuigelingen dat op de leeftijd van drie maanden echter nog steeds uitsluitend borstvoeding krijgt, is veel lager (30%). In nog sterkere mate geldt dit voor het percentage zuigelingen van vijf maanden (23%). Wel lijkt het er op dat het percentage zuigelingen dat uitsluitend borstvoeding krijgt op de eerste dag, na drie maanden en na zes maanden, de laatste jaren iets is gestegen. In vergelijking met de rest van Europa geven in Nederland relatief weinig moeders borstvoeding.[Article]
75. Agostoni C, Scaglioni S, Ghisleni D, Verduci E, Giovannini M, Riva E. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005 Sep;29 Suppl 2:S8-13. How much protein is safe?
    Since breastfeeding and human milk seem to prevent, while high dietary proteins in the first 2 y of life seem to promote, later overweight, questions have been raised on the safe levels of proteins in the early years..[Abstract]
76. Koletzko B, von Kries R, Closa R, Escribano J, Scaglioni S, Giovannini M, Beyer J, Demmelmair H, Gruszfeld D, Dobrzanska A, Sengier A, Langhendries JP, Rolland Cachera MF, Grote V; European Childhood Obesity Trial Study Group Am J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jun;89(6):1836-45. Epub 2009 Apr 22. Lower protein in infant formula is associated with lower weight up to age 2 y: a randomized clinical trial
    A higher protein content of infant formula is associated with higher weight in the first 2 y of life but has no effect on length. Lower protein intake in infancy might diminish the later risk of overweight and obesity.[Article]
77. Agostoni C, Riva E, Giovannini M. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2006;58:147-56; discussion 156-9. Complementary food: international comparison on protein and energy requirement/intakes
    In conditions of very high protein intakes, those in the higher classes of consumption seem to carry a higher risk of becoming obese later on. Over the limit of 14% energy from proteins in the 8- to 24- month period, some mechanisms may begin to operate leading young children towards an early adiposity rebound and overweight development. [Abstract]
78. Haisma H, Wells JC, Coward WA, Filho DD, Victora CG, Vonk RJ, Wright A, Visser GH. J Nutr. 2005 Aug;135(8):1889-95. Complementary feeding with cow's milk alters sleeping metabolic rate in breast-fed infants
    We conclude that complementary feeding with cow's milk alters the sleeping metabolic rate in breast-fed infants. These findings deserve attention in relation to "metabolic programming" and the development of obesity later in life.[Abstract]
79. Fristi rood fruit voedingswaarde per 100ml
    Energie 47kcal, eiwit 2 gr, koolhydraten w.v. suikers 8,0 gr, vet w.v. verzadigd 0 gr, voedingsvezel 0 gr, natrium 0,04 gr, calcium 125mg.[Article]
80. Fristi rood fruit ingrediënten
    magere gefermenteerde melk, melkbestanddelen (weipermeaat), water, multivruchtensap uit geconcentreerd sap 5%, suiker, fructosesiroop, ....[Abstract]
81. Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):537-43 Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity
    The consumption of HFCS increased > 1000% between 1970 and 1990, far exceeding the changes in intake of any other food or food group. Thus, the increase in consumption of HFCS has a temporal relation to the epidemic of obesity, and the overconsumption of HFCS in calorically sweetened beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity.[Article]
82. Teff KL, Elliott SS, Tschöp M, Kieffer TJ, Rader D, Heiman M, Townsend RR, Keim NL, D'Alessio D, Havel PJ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2963-72 Dietary fructose reduces circulating insulin and leptin, attenuates postprandial suppression of ghrelin, and increases triglycerides in women
    Consumption of HFr meals produced a rapid and prolonged elevation of plasma triglycerides compared with the HGl day (P < 0.005). Because insulin and leptin, and possibly ghrelin, function as key signals to the central nervous system in the long-term regulation of energy balance, decreases of circulating insulin and leptin and increased ghrelin concentrations, as demonstrated in this study, could lead to increased caloric intake and ultimately contribute to weight gain and obesity during chronic consumption of diets high in fructose.[Article]
83. Lindqvist A, Baelemans A, Erlanson-Albertsson C. Regul Pept. 2008 Oct 9;150(1-3):26-32. Epub 2008 Jun 26 Effects of sucrose, glucose and fructose on peripheral and central appetite signals
    In conclusion, consumption of glucose, sucrose or fructose solution results in caloric overconsumption and body weight gain through activation of hunger signals and depression of satiety signals as well as activation of reward components. The weight-promoting effect of these sugar solutions may possibly be ameliorated by the down-regulation of NPY mRNA and increased serum leptin..[Abstract]
84. Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2008 Feb;19(1):16-24. Fructose consumption: potential mechanisms for its effects to increase visceral adiposity and induce dyslipidemia and insulin resistance.
    we have reported that consumption of a high-fructose diet, but not a high-glucose diet, promotes the development of three of the pathological characteristics associated with metabolic syndrome: visceral adiposity, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance.[Abstract]
85. Elliott SS, Keim NL, Stern JS, Teff K, Havel PJ. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Nov;76(5):911-22 Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome
    Because leptin production is regulated by insulin responses to meals, fructose consumption also reduces circulating leptin concentrations. The combined effects of lowered circulating leptin and insulin in individuals who consume diets that are high in dietary fructose could therefore increase the likelihood of weight gain and its associated metabolic sequelae.[Article]
86. Miller A, Adeli K. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2008 Mar;24(2):204-9 Dietary fructose and the metabolic syndrome
    There is much evidence from both animal models and human studies supporting the notion that fructose is a highly lipogenic nutrient that, when consumed in high quantities, contributes to tissue insulin insensitivity, metabolic defects, and the development of a prediabetic state. Recently evidence has helped to decipher the mechanisms involved in these metabolic changes.[Abstract]
87. Rutledge AC, Adeli K. Nutr Rev. 2007 Jun;65(6 Pt 2):S13-23 Fructose and the metabolic syndrome: pathophysiology and molecular mechanisms
    Emerging evidence suggests that increased dietary consumption of fructose in Western society may be a potentially important factor in the growing rates of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.[Abstract]
88. Bos MB, de Vries JH, Wolffenbuttel BH, Verhagen H, Hillege JL, Feskens EJ. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2007 Oct 27;151(43):2382-8 The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the Netherlands: increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2 in one quarter of persons under 60
    Approximately 1 million Dutch adults below 60 years of age had the metabolic syndrome in the 1990's. Based on the total prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and hypercholesterolaemia, one quarter of the Dutch population younger then 60 runs an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.[Abstract]
89. Gotoda T. Nippon Rinsho. 2010 May;68(5):827-31. Metabolic syndrome
    Metabolic syndrome is a clinical condition characterized by the clustering of multiple cardiovascular risk factors and predisposing people to type 2 diabetes and its macrovascular complications.[Abstract]
90. Ouyang X, Cirillo P, Sautin Y, McCall S, Bruchette JL, Diehl AM, Johnson RJ, Abdelmalek MF:’Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease’;J Hepatol.48(6):993-9, 2008
    The pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of NAFLD may be associated with excessive dietary fructose consumption.[Abstract]
91. Nöthlings U, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN:’Dietary glycemic load, added sugars, and carbohydrates as risk factors for pancreatic cancer: the Multiethnic Cohort Study’;Am J Clin Nutr. 86(5):1495-501, 2007
    High fructose and sucrose intakes may play a role in pancreatic cancer etiology. Conditions such as overweight or obesity in which a degree of insulin resistance may be present may also be important.[Article]
92. Taylor EN, Curhan GC:’Fructose consumption and the risk of kidney stones’;Kidney Int.73(2):207-12, 2008
    We documented 4902 incident kidney stones during a combined 48 years of follow-up. The multivariate relative risks of kidney stones significantly increased for participants in the highest compared to the lowest quintile of total-fructose intake for all three study groups.[Article]
93. Fabrikant: Yakult Nederland BV - Productgroep: boek: 2.G:’YAKULT’
    Voedingswaarde: per 100 ml: 312 kJ, 74 kcal; eiwit 1,4 g; koolhydraten 17,2 g (suikers 17,2 g, glucose 3,7 g, fructose 3,8 g, lactose 1,6 g, maltose < 0,2 g, sacharose 8,3 g); vet <0,1 g; Na 0,01 g, K 57 mg, Ca 50 mg, P 36 mg, Mg 4,3 mg; Fe <0,02 mg, Zn 0,14 mg, Cu <0,02 mg, Mn <0,004 mg, F <0,01 mg; vit B1 <0,01 mg, vit B2 0,06 mg, vit B6 0,01 mg, vit B12 0,05 µg, vit C 0,22 mg, foliumzuur <4 µg, biotine 0,53 µg, pantotheenzuur 0,11 mg.[Article]
94. Daniels SR. Future Child. 2006 Spring;16(1):47-67 The consequences of childhood overweight and obesit
    Daniels notes that the possibility has even been raised that the increasing prevalence and severity of childhood obesity may reverse the modern era's steady increase in life expectancy, with today's youth on average living less healthy and ultimately shorter lives than their parents-the first such reversal in lifespan in modern history. Such a possibility, he concludes, makes obesity in children an issue of utmost public health concern.[Abstract]
95. Mackenbach JP. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2005 Nov 12;149(46):2550-3 On Hendrikje van Andel-Schipper and other remarkable developments in the life expectancy of the Dutch population
    Based on an extrapolation of recent trends in cause-specific mortality, Netherlands Statistics predicts an increase in life expectancy of 2 to 3 years in the half-century between 2004 and 2050. Experts are deeply divided about the prospects for further increases in life expectancy. Some have argued that such estimates are too optimistic because, for example, the obesity epidemic might even reduce average life expectancy in the future.[Abstract]
96. Blacklow RS. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Nov;86(5):1560S-2S. Actuarially speaking: an overview of life expectancy. What can we anticipate?
    Predictions for the continuing lengthening of the life span of the class of 2005 and succeeding classes may be jeopardized by the alarming increase in obesity, which worsens the incidence of cardiovascular disorders and cancer, the 2 leading causes of death at this time, as well as of diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and other categories of disease.[Article]
97. Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, Westfall AO, Allison DB. JAMA. 2003 Jan 8;289(2):187-93. Years of life lost due to obesity
    Obesity appears to lessen life expectancy markedly, especially among younger adults.[Article]
98. Voedingscentrum - Ik kies bewust
    Het Ik Kies Bewust-logo is bedoeld om consumenten te helpen bij het maken van een bewuste keuze voor gezond eten. De nadruk bij producten met het logo ligt op het terugdringen van suiker, zout, transvet en verzadigd vet.[Article]
99. Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltész G; EURODIAB Study Group. Lancet. 2009 Jun 13;373(9680):2027-33. ncidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989-2003 and predicted new cases 2005-20: a multicentre prospective registration study
    If present trends continue, doubling of new cases of type 1 diabetes in European children younger than 5 years is predicted between 2005 and 2020, and prevalent cases younger than 15 years will rise by 70%. Adequate health-care resources to meet these children's needs should be made available. FUNDING: European Community Concerted Action Program.[Abstract]
100. Abdelghaffar S, Attia AM. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jan 21;(1):CD006691. Metformin added to insulin therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescents
     In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance likely plays a role in the deterioration of metabolic control. In type 1 diabetes, addition of metformin to insulin therapy, to improve insulin sensitivity, has been assessed in a few trials involving few patients or in uncontrolled studies of short duration. here is some evidence suggesting improvement of metabolic control in poorly controlled adolescents with type 1 diabetes, on addition of metformin to insulin therapy.[Abstract]
101. Wikipedia Isoflavonen
     Isoflavonen behoren tot de groep fenolische fyto-oestrogenen. Deze stoffen zijn te vinden in alle planten maar met name in soja,bonen, erwten en pinda's. De laatste jaren zijn ze vooral bekend geworden als effectieve middelen bij overgangsklachten enprostaatklachten.[Article]
102. Wikipedia Fyto-oestrogenen
     Fyto-oestrogenen zijn een groep stoffen die planten aanmaken (phytos betekent plant in het Grieks) en die net als het vrouwelijk hormoon oestrogeen affiniteit hebben voor de oestrogeenreceptor.[Article]
103. Tuohy PG. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003 Aug;39(6):401-5. Soy infant formula and phytoestrogens
     Soy infant formula contains high levels of the isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, which are commonly referred to as phytoestrogens. These are non-steroidal chemicals with structural similarities to estrogen. Infants consuming soy formula have high levels of circulating isoflavones. These are an order of magnitude greater than the levels of isoflavones which have been shown to produce physiological effects in adult women consuming a high soy diet. Despite the absence of adequate scientific research that quantifies the level of risk to infants, most would argue for a precautionary approach to be taken in situations where there are potential developmental effects from the consumption of pharmacologically active compounds in infancy and childhood.[Abstract]
104. Setchell KD, Zimmer-Nechemias L, Cai J, Heubi JE. Lancet. 1997 Jul 5;350(9070):23-7. Exposure of infants to phyto-oestrogens from soy-based infant formula
     Circulating concentrations of isoflavones in the seven infants fed soy-based formula were 13000-22000 times higher than plasma oestradiol concentrations in early life, and may be sufficient to exert biological effects, whereas the contribution of isoflavones from breast-milk and cow-milk is negligible.[Abstract]
105. Tan KA, Walker M, Morris K, Greig I, Mason JI, Sharpe RM. Hum Reprod. 2006 Apr;21(4):896-904. Epub 2006 Feb 13. Infant feeding with soy formula milk: effects on puberty progression, reproductive function and testicular cell numbers in marmoset monkeys in adulthood
      Infant feeding with SFM has no gross adverse reproductive effects in male marmosets, though it alters testis size and cell composition, and there is consistent, if indirect, evidence for possible 'compensated Leydig cell failure'. Similar and perhaps larger changes likely occur in adult men who were fed SFM as infants.[Article]
106. 
     .[Article]

Niet gebruikte studies

1. Melk is slecht voor elk!
   Stelling: we zijn in Nederland en de rest van de westerse wereld grondig geïndoctrineerd over de gevolgen van het eten en drinken van zuivel. Dat zuivel sterkere botten geeft, is uitsluitend gebaseerd op de vooronderstelling dat meer calcium sterkere botten geeft. Het blijkt niet waar te zijn.
2. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis
   Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted.
3. The effects of estrogen-like products in milk on prostate and testes
   Among the food items examined, milk was most closely correlated (r = 0.711) with prostatic cancer incidence, followed by meat and coffee. As for testicular cancer, cheese was most closely correlated (r = 0.804) with the incidences in ages of 20-39, followed by animal fat and milk.
4. Incidence and mortality of testicular and prostatic cancers in relation to world dietary practices
   The close correlation between cheese and testicular cancer and between milk and prostatic cancer suggests that further mechanistic studies should be undertaken concerning the development of male genital organ cancers
5. Adolescent milk, dairy product and fruit consumption and testicular cancer
   There is an association between dairy product consumption and the incidence of testicular cancer in different countries. In a multivariate analysis the odds ratio between cases and population controls for the association of undescended testis and testicular cancer was 7.19 (95% CI 2.36-21.9) and for each extra quarter pint of milk consumed it was 1.39 (95% CI 1.19-1.63).
6. Dairy products and breast cancer: the IGF-I, estrogen, and bGH hypothesis
   Research on the role of dietary factors in breast cancer causation has focused predominantly on fat intake. While some studies have examined associations between breast cancer rates and consumption of whole milk, there has been less attention given to dairy products in general. Dairy products contain both hormones and growth factors, in addition to fat and various chemical contaminants, that have been implicated in the proliferation of human breast cancer cells. This literature review evaluates the epidemiological and mechanistic evidence linking dairy consumption with breast cancer risk
7. Adolescent milk fat and galactose consumption and testicular germ cell cancer
   Our results suggest that milk fat and/or galactose may explain the association between milk and dairy product consumption and seminomatous testicular cancer
8. Dietary risk factors for testicular carcinom
   Our results suggest that high dairy product intake, in particular high intake of cheese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.86; p-trend < 0.001), is associated with an elevated risk of testicular cancer in Canadian males
9. Dietary risk factors for testicular carcinoma
   Our results suggest that high dairy product intake, in particular high intake of cheese (odds ratio [OR] = 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.22-2.86; p-trend < 0.001), is associated with an elevated risk of testicular cancer in Canadian males.
10. Still Drinking Milk?
    Despite having a low Glycemic Index and Load, milk (even fermented milk such as yogurt) has been shown to elicit a very high insulin response. This has been shown repeatedly in intervention studies
11. Got Milk?
    
12. Ook gif in Nederlandse melk
    
13. Opnieuw giftige stof gevonden in Nederlandse melk
    
14. Patelarou E, Girvalaki C, Brokalaki H, Patelarou A, Androulaki Z, Vardavas C. Nutr Rev. 2012 Sep;70(9):509-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2012.00513.x. Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
    
15. Melk promo uit 1941
    
16. Food allergy and the introduction of solid foods to infants: a consensus document. Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
    
17. Oral immunotherapy for IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    
18. TRIGR PUBLICATIONS
    
19. WAT BETEKENT DE TRIGR STUDIE?
    
20. The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) study: recruitment, intervention and follow-up
    
21. Feeding in infancy and the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Finnish children. The 'Childhood Diabetes in Finland' Study Group
    
22. Effect of cow's milk exposure and maternal type 1 diabetes on cellular and humoral immunization to dietary insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Finnish Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk Study Group
    
23. Antibodies to bovine beta-casein in diabetes and other autoimmune diseases
    
24. Enhanced levels of cow's milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood
    
25. Food consumption and advanced ? cell autoimmunity in young children with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes: a nested case-control design
    
26. Current evidence on the associations of breastfeeding, infant formula, and cow's milk introduction with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review
    
27. Lactase persistence From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
    
28. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis
    
29. Dong JY, Zhang L, He K, Qin LQ. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011 May;127(1):23-31. doi: 10.1007/s10549-011-1467-5. Dairy consumption and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
    In conclusion, findings of the present meta-analysis indicate that increased consumption of total dairy food, but not milk, may be associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer.[Abstract]
30. Ik drink al mijn hele leven melk, ik heb nergens last van, dat geldt ook voor roken en iedereen weet dat roken schadelijk is.
31. Er is voldoende wetenschappelijk materiaal dat groente en fruit gezond zijn voor je. Dat geldt ook voor bijvoorbeeld volkorenproducten, ook bewezen gezond. Geef me eens EEN goede wetenchappelijke studie dat melk gezond is. Het liefst een review of een placebo controlled onderzoek
32. Bischoff-Ferrari HA1, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Burckhardt P, Li R, Spiegelman D, Specker B, Orav JE, Wong JB, Staehelin HB, O'Reilly E, Kiel DP, Willett WC. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1780-90. Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials
    Pooled results from prospective cohort studies suggest that calcium intake is not significantly associated with hip fracture risk in women or men. Pooled results from randomized controlled trials show no reduction in hip fracture risk with calcium supplementation, and an increased risk is possible. [Article]
33. Kanis JA1, Johansson H, Oden A, De Laet C, Johnell O, Eisman JA, Mc Closkey E, Mellstrom D, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Jul;16(7):799-804. Epub 2004 Oct 21. A meta-analysis of milk intake and fracture risk: low utility for case finding
    We conclude that a self-reported low intake of milk is not associated with any marked increase in fracture risk and that the use of this risk indicator is of little or no value in case-finding strategies.[Abstract]
34. Tong X1, Dong JY, Wu ZW, Li W, Qin LQ. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Sep;65(9):1027-31. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.62. Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies
    An inverse association of daily intake of dairy products, especially low-fat dairy, with T2DM was revealed, indicating a beneficial effect of dairy consumption in the prevention of T2DM development.[Abstract]
35. Phlips JC1, Radermecker RP. Rev Med Liege. 2012 May-Jun;67(5-6):319-25. Type 1 diabetes: from genetic predisposition to hypothetical environmental triggers
    Because genetic factors can't predict alone the development of type 1 diabetes, environmental factors must be involved such as viral infections, toxins from food, cow milk during childhood (instead of breast feeding) or vitamin D deficiency.[Abstract]
36. Dow CT Med Hypotheses. 2006;67(4):782-5. Paratuberculosis and Type I diabetes: is this the trigger?
    Genetic susceptibilities, epitope homologies and epidemiologic studies are presented that support MAP as a causative agent of T1DM in the genetically at risk.[Abstract]
37. MELK NIET ZO BEST VOOR ELK…
    Er werd en wordt nog steeds veel reclame gemaakt voor het drinken van melk met slogans als: ‘Melk is goed voor elk’, ‘Driekwart kan de man’, ‘Melk de witte motor’ en ‘Melk moet’. Ook zijn er soms tegengeluiden te horen. In het tijdschrift Esquire van November 1998 stond een artikel met als titel: Melk de witte moordenaar. [Artice]
COHORT
38. Karl Michaëlsson, professor1, Alicja Wolk, professor2, Sophie Langenskiöld, senior lecturer3, Samar Basu, professor3, Eva Warensjö Lemming, researcher14, Håkan Melhus, professor5, Liisa Byberg, associate professor1 BMJ 2014; 349 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g6015 (Published 28 October 2014) Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies
    High milk intake was associated with higher mortality in one cohort of women and in another cohort of men, and with higher fracture incidence in women. Given the observational study designs with the inherent possibility of residual confounding and reverse causation phenomena, a cautious interpretation of the results is recommended.[Article]
META
39. Bolland MJ1, Avenell A, Baron JA, Grey A, MacLennan GS, Gamble GD, Reid IR BMJ. 2010 Jul 29;341:c3691. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3691. Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis
    Calcium supplements (without coadministered vitamin D) are associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction. As calcium supplements are widely used these modest increases in risk of cardiovascular disease might translate into a large burden of disease in the population. A reassessment of the role of calcium supplements in the management of osteoporosis is warranted.[Article]
40. 
    .[Abstract]
41. 
    .[Abstract]

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